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Routine Load

Doris 可以通过 Routine Load 导入方式持续消费 Kafka Topic 中的数据。在提交 Routine Load 作业后,Doris 会持续运行该导入作业,实时生成导入任务不断消费 Kakfa 集群中指定 Topic 中的消息。

Routine Load 是一个流式导入作业,支持 Exactly-Once 语义,保证数据不丢不重。

使用场景

支持数据文件格式

Routine Load 支持从 Kafka 中消费 CSV 及 JSON 格式的数据。

在导入 CSV 格式时,需要明确区分空值(null)与空字符串(''):

  • 空值(null)需要用 \n 表示,a,\n,b 数据表示中间列是一个空值(null)

  • 空字符串('')直接将数据置空,a,,b 数据表示中间列是一个空字符串('')

使用限制

在使用 Routine Load 消费 Kafka 中数据时,有以下限制:

  • 支持无认证的 Kafka 访问,以及通过 SSL 方式认证的 Kafka 集群;

  • 支持的消息格式为 CSV 及 JSON 文本格式。CSV 每一个 message 为一行,且行尾不包含换行符;

  • 默认支持 Kafka 0.10.0.0(含)以上版本。如果要使用 Kafka 0.10.0.0 以下版本(0.9.0, 0.8.2, 0.8.1, 0.8.0),需要修改 BE 的配置,将 kafka_broker_version_fallback 的值设置为要兼容的旧版本,或者在创建 Routine Load 的时候直接设置 property.broker.version.fallback 的值为要兼容的旧版本,使用旧版本的代价是 Routine Load 的部分新特性可能无法使用,如根据时间设置 Kafka 分区的 offset。

基本原理

Routine Load 会持续消费 Kafka Topic 中的数据,写入 Doris 中。

在 Doris 中,创建 Routine Load 作业后会生成一个常驻的导入作业和若干个导入任务:

  • 导入作业(load job):一个 Routine Load 对应一个导入作业,导入作业是一个常驻的任务,会持续不断地消费 Kafka Topic 中的数据;

  • 导入任务(load task):一个导入作业会被拆解成若干个导入作业,作为一个独立的导入基本单位,以 Stream Load 的方式写入到 BE 中。

Routine Load 的导入具体流程如下图展示:

Routine Load

  1. Client 向 FE 提交 Routine Load 常驻 Routine Load Job

  2. FE 通过 Job Scheduler 将 Routine Load Job 拆分成若干个 Routine Load Task

  3. 在 BE 上,一个 Routine Load Task 会被视为 Stream Load 任务进行导入,导入完成后向 FE 汇报

  4. FE 中的 Job Scheduler 根据汇报结果,继续生成新的 Task,或对失败的 Task 进行重试

  5. Routine Load Job 会不断产生新的 Task,来完成数据的不间断导入

快速上手

创建导入作业

在 Doris 内可以通过 CREATE ROUTINE LOAD 命令创建常驻 Routine Load 导入任务。详细语法可以参考 CREATE ROUTINE LOAD。Routine Load 可以消费 CSV 和 JSON 的数据。

导入 CSV 数据

  1. 导入数据样本

在 Kafka 中,有以下样本数据

kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test-routine-load-csv --from-beginnin
1,Emily,25
2,Benjamin,35
3,Olivia,28
4,Alexander,60
5,Ava,17
6,William,69
7,Sophia,32
8,James,64
9,Emma,37
10,Liam,64
  1. 创建需要导入的表

在 Doris 中,创建被导入的表,具体语法如下

CREATE TABLE testdb.test_streamload(
user_id BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT "用户 ID",
name VARCHAR(20) COMMENT "用户姓名",
age INT COMMENT "用户年龄"
)
DUPLICATE KEY(user_id)
DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(user_id) BUCKETS 10;
  1. 创建 Routine Load 导入作业

在 Doris 中,使用 CREATE ROUTINE LOAD 命令,创建导入作业

CREATE ROUTINE LOAD testdb.example_routine_load_csv ON test_routineload_tbl
COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
COLUMNS(user_id, name, age)
FROM KAFKA(
"kafka_broker_list" = "192.168.88.62:9092",
"kafka_topic" = "test-routine-load-csv",
"property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
);

导入 JSON 数据

  1. 导入样本数据

在 Kafka 中,有以下样本数据

kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic test-routine-load-json --from-beginning
{"user_id":1,"name":"Emily","age":25}
{"user_id":2,"name":"Benjamin","age":35}
{"user_id":3,"name":"Olivia","age":28}
{"user_id":4,"name":"Alexander","age":60}
{"user_id":5,"name":"Ava","age":17}
{"user_id":6,"name":"William","age":69}
{"user_id":7,"name":"Sophia","age":32}
{"user_id":8,"name":"James","age":64}
{"user_id":9,"name":"Emma","age":37}
{"user_id":10,"name":"Liam","age":64}
  1. 创建需要导入的表

在 Doris 中,创建被导入的表,具体语法如下

CREATE TABLE testdb.test_streamload(
user_id BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT "用户 ID",
name VARCHAR(20) COMMENT "用户姓名",
age INT COMMENT "用户年龄"
)
DUPLICATE KEY(user_id)
DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(user_id) BUCKETS 10;
  1. 创建 Routine Load 导入作业

在 Doris 中,使用 CREATE ROUTINE LOAD 命令,创建导入作业

CREATE ROUTINE LOAD testdb.example_routine_load_json ON test_routineload_tbl
COLUMNS(user_id,name,age)
PROPERTIES(
"format"="json",
"jsonpaths"="[\"$.user_id\",\"$.name\",\"$.age\"]"
)
FROM KAFKA(
"kafka_broker_list" = "192.168.88.62:9092",
"kafka_topic" = "test-routine-load-json",
"property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
);

查看导入状态

在 Doris 中,可以查看 Routine Load 的导入作业情况和导入任务情况:

  • 导入作业:主要用于查看导入任务目标表、子任务数量、导入延迟状态、导入配置与导入结果等信息;

  • 导入任务:主要用于查看导入的子任务状态、消费进度以及下发的 BE 节点。

01 查看导入运行任务

可以通过 SHOW ROUTINE LOAD 命令查看导入作业情况。SHOW ROUTINE LOAD 描述了当前作业的基本情况,如导入目标表、导入延迟状态、导入配置信息、导入错误信息等。

如通过以下命令可以查看 testdb.example_routine_load_csv 的任务情况:

mysql> SHOW ROUTINE LOAD FOR testdb.example_routine_load\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 12025
Name: example_routine_load
CreateTime: 2024-01-15 08:12:42
PauseTime: NULL
EndTime: NULL
DbName: default_cluster:testdb
TableName: test_routineload_tbl
IsMultiTable: false
State: RUNNING
DataSourceType: KAFKA
CurrentTaskNum: 1
JobProperties: {"max_batch_rows":"200000","timezone":"America/New_York","send_batch_parallelism":"1","load_to_single_tablet":"false","column_separator":"','","line_delimiter":"\n","current_concurrent_number":"1","delete":"*","partial_columns":"false","merge_type":"APPEND","exec_mem_limit":"2147483648","strict_mode":"false","jsonpaths":"","max_batch_interval":"10","max_batch_size":"104857600","fuzzy_parse":"false","partitions":"*","columnToColumnExpr":"user_id,name,age","whereExpr":"*","desired_concurrent_number":"5","precedingFilter":"*","format":"csv","max_error_number":"0","max_filter_ratio":"1.0","json_root":"","strip_outer_array":"false","num_as_string":"false"}
DataSourceProperties: {"topic":"test-topic","currentKafkaPartitions":"0","brokerList":"192.168.88.62:9092"}
CustomProperties: {"kafka_default_offsets":"OFFSET_BEGINNING","group.id":"example_routine_load_73daf600-884e-46c0-a02b-4e49fdf3b4dc"}
Statistic: {"receivedBytes":28,"runningTxns":[],"errorRows":0,"committedTaskNum":3,"loadedRows":3,"loadRowsRate":0,"abortedTaskNum":0,"errorRowsAfterResumed":0,"totalRows":3,"unselectedRows":0,"receivedBytesRate":0,"taskExecuteTimeMs":30069}
Progress: {"0":"2"}
Lag: {"0":0}
ReasonOfStateChanged:
ErrorLogUrls:
OtherMsg:
User: root
Comment:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

02 查看导入运行作业

可以通过 SHOW ROUTINE LOAD TASK 命令查看导入子任务情况。SHOW ROUTINE LOAD TASK 描述了当前作业下的子任务信息,如子任务状态,下发 BE id 等信息。

如通过以下命令可以查看 testdb.example_routine_load_csv 的任务情况:

mysql> SHOW ROUTINE LOAD TASK WHERE jobname = 'example_routine_load_csv';
+-----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------+-------+----------------------+
| TaskId | TxnId | TxnStatus | JobId | CreateTime | ExecuteStartTime | Timeout | BeId | DataSourceProperties |
+-----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------+-------+----------------------+
| 8cf47e6a68ed4da3-8f45b431db50e466 | 195 | PREPARE | 12177 | 2024-01-15 12:20:41 | 2024-01-15 12:21:01 | 20 | 10429 | {"4":1231,"9":2603} |
| f2d4525c54074aa2-b6478cf8daaeb393 | 196 | PREPARE | 12177 | 2024-01-15 12:20:41 | 2024-01-15 12:21:01 | 20 | 12109 | {"1":1225,"6":1216} |
| cb870f1553864250-975279875a25fab6 | -1 | NULL | 12177 | 2024-01-15 12:20:52 | NULL | 20 | -1 | {"2":7234,"7":4865} |
| 68771fd8a1824637-90a9dac2a7a0075e | -1 | NULL | 12177 | 2024-01-15 12:20:52 | NULL | 20 | -1 | {"3":1769,"8":2982} |
| 77112dfea5e54b0a-a10eab3d5b19e565 | 197 | PREPARE | 12177 | 2024-01-15 12:21:02 | 2024-01-15 12:21:02 | 20 | 12098 | {"0":3000,"5":2622} |
+-----------------------------------+-------+-----------+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------+-------+----------------------+

暂停导入作业

可以通过 PAUSE ROUTINE LOAD 命令暂停导入作业。暂停导入作业后,会进入 PAUSED 状态,但导入作业并未终止,可以通过 RESUME ROUTINE LOAD 命令重启导入作业。

如通过以下命令可以暂停 testdb.example_routine_load_csv 导入作业:

PAUSE ROUTINE LOAD FOR testdb.example_routine_load_csv;

恢复导入作业

可以通过 RESUME ROUTINE LOAD 命令恢复导入作业。

如通过以下命令可以恢复 testdb.example_routine_load_csv 导入作业:

RESUME ROUTINE LOAD FOR testdb.example_routine_load_csv;

修改导入作业

可以通过 ALTER ROUTINE LOAD 命令修改已创建的导入作业。在修改导入作业前,需要使用 PAUSE ROUTINE LOAD 暂停导入作业,修改后需要使用 RESUME ROUTINE LOAD 恢复导入作业。

如通过以下命令可以修改期望导入任务并行度参数 desired_concurrent_number,并修改 Kafka Topic 信息:

ALTER ROUTINE LOAD FOR testdb.example_routine_load_csv
PROPERTIES(
"desired_concurrent_number" = "3"
)
FROM KAFKA(
"kafka_broker_list" = "192.168.88.60:9092",
"kafka_topic" = "test-topic"
);

取消导入作业

可以通过 STOP ROUTINE LOAD 命令停止并删除 Routine Load 导入作业。删除后的导入作业无法被恢复,也无法通过 SHOW ROUTINE LOAD 命令查看。

可以通过以下命令停止并删除导入作业 testdb.example_routine_load_csv:

STOP ROUTINE LOAD FOR testdb.example_routine_load_csv;

参考手册

导入命令

创建一个 Routine Load 常驻导入作业语法如下:

CREATE ROUTINE LOAD [<db_name>.]<job_name> [ON <tbl_name>]
[merge_type]
[load_properties]
[job_properties]
FROM KAFKA [data_source_properties]
[COMMENT "<comment>"]

创建导入作业的模块说明如下:

模块说明
db_name指定创建导入任务的数据库。
job_name指定创建的导入任务名称,同一个 database 不能有名字相同的任务。
tbl_name指定需要导入的表的名称,可选参数,如果不指定,则采用动态表的方式,这个时候需要 Kafka 中的数据包含表名的信息。
merge_type数据合并类型。默认值为 APPEND。

merge_type 有三种选项:

- APPEND:追加导入方式;

- MERGE:合并导入方式;

- DELETE:导入的数据皆为需要删除的数据。

load_properties导入描述模块,包括以下组成部分:

- colum_spearator 子句

- columns_mapping 子句

- preceding_filter 子句

- where_predicates 子句

- partitions 子句

- delete_on 子句

- order_by 子句

job_properties用于指定 Routine Load 的通用导入参数。
data_source_properties用于描述 Kafka 数据源属性。
comment用于描述导入作业的备注信息。

导入参数说明

01 FE 配置参数

max_routine_load_task_concurrent_num

  • 默认值:256

  • 动态配置:是

  • FE Master 独有配置:是

  • 参数描述:限制 Routine Load 的导入作业最大子并发数量。建议维持在默认值。如果设置过大,可能导致并发任务数过多,占用集群资源。

max_routine_load_task_num_per_be

  • 默认值:1024

  • 动态配置:是

  • FE Master 独有配置:是

  • 参数描述:每个 BE 限制的最大并发 Routine Load 任务数。max_routine_load_task_num_per_be 应该小 routine_load_thread_pool_size 于参数。

max_routine_load_job_num

  • 默认值:100

  • 动态配置:是

  • FE Master 独有配置:是

  • 参数描述:限制最大 Routine Load 作业数,包括 NEED_SCHEDULED,RUNNING,PAUSE

max_tolerable_backend_down_num

  • 默认值:0

  • 动态配置:是

  • FE Master 独有配置:是

  • 参数描述:只要有一个 BE 宕机,Routine Load 就无法自动恢复。在满足某些条件时,Doris 可以将 PAUSED 的任务重新调度,转换为 RUNNING 状态。该参数为 0 表示只有所有 BE 节点都是 alive 状态踩允许重新调度。

period_of_auto_resume_min

  • 默认值:5(分钟)

  • 动态配置:是

  • FE Master 独有配置:是

  • 参数描述:自动恢复 Routine Load 的周期

02 BE 配置参数

max_consumer_num_per_group

  • 默认值:3

  • 动态配置:是

  • 描述:一个子任务重最多生成几个 consumer 消费数据。对于 Kafka 数据源,一个 consumer 可能消费一个或多个 Kafka Partition。假设一个任务需要消费 6 个 Kafka Partitio,则会生成 3 个 consumer,每个 consumer 消费 2 个 partition。如果只有 2 个 partition,则只会生成 2 个 consumer,每个 consumer 消费 1 个 partition。

03 导入配置参数

在创建 Routine Load 作业时,可以通过 CREATE ROUTINE LOAD 命令指定不同模块的导入配置参数。

tbl_name 子句

指定需要导入的表的名称,可选参数。

如果不指定,则采用动态表的方式,这个时候需要 Kafka 中的数据包含表名的信息。目前仅支持从 Kafka 的 Value 中获取动态表名,且需要符合这种格式:以 json 为例:table_name|{"col1": "val1", "col2": "val2"}, 其中 tbl_name 为表名,以 | 作为表名和表数据的分隔符。csv 格式的数据也是类似的,如:table_name|val1,val2,val3。注意,这里的 table_name 必须和 Doris 中的表名一致,否则会导致导入失败。注意,动态表不支持后面介绍的 column_mapping 配置。

merge_type 子句

可以通过 merge_type 模块指定数据合并的类型。merge_type 有三种选项:

  • APPEND:追加导入方式

  • MERGE:合并导入方式。仅适用于 Unique Key 模型。需要配合 [DELETE ON] 模块,以标注 Delete Flag 列

  • DELETE:导入的数据皆为需要删除的数据

load_properties 子句

可以通过 load_properties 模块描述导入数据的属性,具体语法如下

[COLUMNS TERMINATED BY <column_separator>,]
[COLUMNS (<column1_name>[, <column2_name>, <column_mapping>, ...]),]
[WHERE <where_expr>,]
[PARTITION(<partition1_name>, [<partition2_name>, <partition3_name>, ...]),]
[DELETE ON <delete_expr>,]
[ORDER BY <order_by_column1>[, <order_by_column2>, <order_by_column3>, ...]]

具体模块对应参数如下:

子模块参数说明
COLUMNS TERMINATED BY<column_separator>用于指定列分隔符,默认为 \t。例如需要指定逗号为分隔符,可以使用以下命令:COLUMN TERMINATED BY ","对于空值处理,需要注意以下事项:

- 空值(null)需要用 \n 表示,a,\n,b 数据表示中间列是一个空值(null)

- 空字符串('')直接将数据置空,a,,b 数据表示中间列是一个空字符串('')

COLUMNS<column_name>用于指定对应的列名例如需要指定导入列 (k1, k2, k3),可以使用以下命令:COLUMNS(k1, k2, k3)在以下情况下可以缺省 COLUMNS 子句:

- CSV 中的列与表中的列一一对应

- JSON 中的 key 列与表中的列名相同

  <column_mapping>在导入过程中,可以通过列映射进行列的过滤和转换。如在导入的过程中,目标列需要基于数据源的某一列进行衍生计算,目标列 k4 基于 k3 列使用公式 k3+1 计算得出,需要可以使用以下命令:COLUMNS(k1, k2, k3, k4 = k3 + 1)详细内容可以参考数据转换
WHERE<where_expr>指定 where_expr 可以根据条件过滤导入的数据源。如只希望导入 age > 30 的数据源,可以使用以下命令:WHERE age > 30
PARTITION<partition_name>指定导入目标表中的哪些 partition。如果不指定,会自动导入对应的 partition 中。如希望导入目标表 p1 与 p2 分区,可以使用以下命令:PARTITION(p1, p2)
DELETE ON<delete_expr>在 MERGE 导入模式下,使用 delete_expr 标记哪些列需要被删除。如需要在 MERGE 时删除 age > 30 的列,可以使用,可以使用以下命令:DELETE ON age > 30
ORDER BY<order_by_column>进针对 Unique Key 模型生效。用于指定导入数据中的 Sequence Column 列,以保证数据的顺序。如在 Unique Key 表导入时,需要指定导入的 Sequence Column 为 create_time,可以使用以下命令:ORDER BY create_time针对与 Unique Key 模型 Sequence Column 列的描述,可以参考文档 数据更新/Sequence 列

job_properties 子句

在创建 Routine Load 导入作业时,可以指定 job_properties 子句以指定导入作业的属性。语法如下:

PROPERTIES ("<key1>" = "<value1>"[, "<key2>" = "<value2>" ...])

job_properties 子句具体参数选项如下:

参数说明
desired_concurrent_number

默认值:256

参数描述:单个导入子任务(load task)期望的并发度,修改 Routine Load 导入作业切分的期望导入子任务数量。在导入过程中,期望的子任务并发度可能不等于实际并发度。实际的并发度会根据集群的节点数、负载情况,以及数据源的情况综合考虑,使用公式以下可以计算出实际的导入子任务数:

min(topic_partition_num, desired_concurrent_number, max_routine_load_task_concurrent_num),其中:

- topic_partition_num 表示 Kafka Topic 的 parititon 数量

- desired_concurrent_number 表示设置的参数大小

- max_routine_load_task_concurrent_num 为 FE 中设置 Routine Load 最大任务并行度的参数

max_batch_interval每个子任务的最大运行时间,单位是秒,必须大于0,默认值为 60(s)。max_batch_interval/max_batch_rows/max_batch_size 共同形成子任务执行阈值。任一参数达到阈值,导入子任务结束,并生成新的导入子任务。
max_batch_rows每个子任务最多读取的行数。必须大于等于 200000。默认是 200000(2.1.5 及更高版本为 20000000)。max_batch_interval/max_batch_rows/max_batch_size 共同形成子任务执行阈值。任一参数达到阈值,导入子任务结束,并生成新的导入子任务。
max_batch_size每个子任务最多读取的字节数。单位是字节,范围是 100MB 到 1GB。默认是 100MB(2.1.5 及更高版本为 1G)。max_batch_interval/max_batch_rows/max_batch_size 共同形成子任务执行阈值。任一参数达到阈值,导入子任务结束,并生成新的导入子任务。
max_error_number采样窗口内,允许的最大错误行数。必须大于等于 0。默认是 0,即不允许有错误行。采样窗口为 max_batch_rows * 10。即如果在采样窗口内,错误行数大于 max_error_number,则会导致例行作业被暂停,需要人工介入检查数据质量问题,通过 SHOW ROUTINE LOAD 命令中 ErrorLogUrls 检查数据的质量问题。被 where 条件过滤掉的行不算错误行。
strict_mode是否开启严格模式,默认为关闭。严格模式表示对于导入过程中的列类型转换进行严格过滤。如果开启后,非空原始数据的列类型变换如果结果为 NULL,则会被过滤。

严格模式过滤策略如下:

- 某衍生列(由函数转换生成而来),Strict Mode 对其不产生影响

- 当列类型需要转换,错误的数据类型将被过滤掉,在 SHOW ROUTINE LOADErrorLogUrls 中查看因为数据类型错误而被过滤掉的列

- 对于导入的某列类型包含范围限制的,如果原始数据能正常通过类型转换,但无法通过范围限制的,strict mode 对其也不产生影响。例如:如果类型是 decimal(1,0), 原始数据为 10,则属于可以通过类型转换但不在列声明的范围内。这种数据 strict 对其不产生影响。详细内容参考严格模式

timezone指定导入作业所使用的时区。默认为使用 Session 的 timezone 参数。该参数会影响所有导入涉及的和时区有关的函数结果。
format指定导入数据格式,默认是 csv,支持 json 格式。
jsonpaths当导入数据格式为 JSON 时,可以通过 jsonpaths 指定抽取 Json 数据中的字段。例如通过以下命令指定导入 jsonpaths:"jsonpaths" = "[\"$.userid\",\"$.username\",\"$.age\",\"$.city\"]"
json_root当导入数据格式为 json 时,可以通过 json_root 指定 Json 数据的根节点。Doris 将通过 json_root 抽取根节点的元素进行解析。默认为空。例如通过一下命令指定导入 Json 根节点:"json_root" = "$.RECORDS"
strip_outer_array当导入数据格式为 json 时,strip_outer_array 为 true 表示 Json 数据以数组的形式展现,数据中的每一个元素将被视为一行数据。默认值是 false。通常情况下,Kafka 中的 Json 数据可能以数组形式表示,即在最外层中包含中括号[],此时,可以指定 "strip_outer_array" = "true",以数组模式消费 Topic 中的数据。如以下数据会被解析成两行:[{"user_id":1,"name":"Emily","age":25},{"user_id":2,"name":"Benjamin","age":35}]
send_batch_parallelism用于设置发送批量数据的并行度。如果并行度的值超过 BE 配置中的 max_send_batch_parallelism_per_job,那么作为协调点的 BE 将使用 max_send_batch_parallelism_per_job 的值。
load_to_single_tablet支持一个任务只导入数据到对应分区的一个 tablet,默认值为 false,该参数只允许在对带有 random 分桶的 olap 表导数的时候设置。
partial_columns指定是否开启部分列更新功能。默认值为 false。该参数只允许在表模型为 Unique 且采用 Merge on Write 时设置。一流多表不支持此参数。具体参考文档部分列更新
max_filter_ratio采样窗口内,允许的最大过滤率。必须在大于等于 0 到小于等于 1 之间。默认值是 1.0,表示可以容忍任何错误行。采样窗口为 max_batch_rows * 10。即如果在采样窗口内,错误行数/总行数大于 max_filter_ratio,则会导致例行作业被暂停,需要人工介入检查数据质量问题。被 where 条件过滤掉的行不算错误行。
enclose指定包围符。当 csv 数据字段中含有行分隔符或列分隔符时,为防止意外截断,可指定单字节字符作为包围符起到保护作用。例如列分隔符为 ",",包围符为 "'",数据为 "a,'b,c'",则 "b,c" 会被解析为一个字段。
escape指定转义符。用于转义在字段中出现的与包围符相同的字符。例如数据为 "a,'b,'c'",包围符为 "'",希望 "b,'c 被作为一个字段解析,则需要指定单字节转义符,例如"\",将数据修改为 "a,'b,\'c'"。

04 data_source_properties 子句

在创建 Routine Load 导入作业时,可以指定 data_source_properties 子句以指定 Kafka 数据源的属性。语法如下:

FROM KAFKA ("<key1>" = "<value1>"[, "<key2>" = "<value2>" ...])

data_source_properties 子句具体参数选项如下:

参数说明
kafka_broker_list指定 Kafka 的 broker 连接信息。格式为 <kafka_broker_ip>:<kafka port>。多个 broker 之间以逗号分隔。例如在 Kafka Broker 中默认端口号为 9092,可以使用以下命令指定 Broker List:"kafka_broker_list" = "<broker1_ip>:9092,<broker2_ip>:9092"
kafka_topic指定要订阅的 Kafka 的 topic。一个导入作业仅能消费一个 Kafka Topic。
kafka_partitions指定需要订阅的 Kafka Partition。如果不指定,则默认消费所有分区。
kafka_offsets待销费的 Kakfa Partition 中起始消费点(offset)。如果指定时间,则会从大于等于该时间的最近一个 offset 处开始消费。offset 可以指定从大于等于 0 的具体 offset,也可以使用以下格式:

- OFFSET_BEGINNING: 从有数据的位置开始订阅。

- OFFSET_END: 从末尾开始订阅。

- 时间格式,如:"2021-05-22 11:00:00"

如果没有指定,则默认从 OFFSET_END 开始订阅 topic 下的所有 partition。

可以指定多个其实消费点,使用逗号分隔,如:"kafka_offsets" = "101,0,OFFSET_BEGINNING,OFFSET_END"或者"kafka_offsets" = "2021-05-22 11:00:00,2021-05-22 11:00:00"

注意,时间格式不能和 OFFSET 格式混用。

property指定自定义 kafka 参数。功能等同于 kafka shell 中 "--property" 参数。当参数的 Value 为一个文件时,需要在 Value 前加上关键词:"FILE:"。创建文件可以参考 CREATE FILE 命令文档。更多支持的自定义参数,可以参考 librdkafka 的官方 CONFIGURATION 文档中,client 端的配置项。如:"property.client.id" = "12345"``"property.group.id" = "group_id_0"``"property.ssl.ca.location" = "FILE:ca.pem"

通过配置 data_source_properties 中的 kafka property 参数,可以配置安全访问选项。目前 Doris 支持多种 Kafka 安全协议,如 plaintext(默认)、SSL、PLAIN、Kerberos 等。

导入状态

通过 SHOW ROUTINE LOAD 命令可以查看导入作业的状态,具体语法如下:

SHOW [ALL] ROUTINE LOAD [FOR jobName];

如通过 SHOW ROUTINE LOAD 会返回以下结果集示例:

mysql> SHOW ROUTINE LOAD FOR testdb.example_routine_load\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 12025
Name: example_routine_load
CreateTime: 2024-01-15 08:12:42
PauseTime: NULL
EndTime: NULL
DbName: default_cluster:testdb
TableName: test_routineload_tbl
IsMultiTable: false
State: RUNNING
DataSourceType: KAFKA
CurrentTaskNum: 1
JobProperties: {"max_batch_rows":"200000","timezone":"America/New_York","send_batch_parallelism":"1","load_to_single_tablet":"false","column_separator":"','","line_delimiter":"\n","current_concurrent_number":"1","delete":"*","partial_columns":"false","merge_type":"APPEND","exec_mem_limit":"2147483648","strict_mode":"false","jsonpaths":"","max_batch_interval":"10","max_batch_size":"104857600","fuzzy_parse":"false","partitions":"*","columnToColumnExpr":"user_id,name,age","whereExpr":"*","desired_concurrent_number":"5","precedingFilter":"*","format":"csv","max_error_number":"0","max_filter_ratio":"1.0","json_root":"","strip_outer_array":"false","num_as_string":"false"}
DataSourceProperties: {"topic":"test-topic","currentKafkaPartitions":"0","brokerList":"192.168.88.62:9092"}
CustomProperties: {"kafka_default_offsets":"OFFSET_BEGINNING","group.id":"example_routine_load_73daf600-884e-46c0-a02b-4e49fdf3b4dc"}
Statistic: {"receivedBytes":28,"runningTxns":[],"errorRows":0,"committedTaskNum":3,"loadedRows":3,"loadRowsRate":0,"abortedTaskNum":0,"errorRowsAfterResumed":0,"totalRows":3,"unselectedRows":0,"receivedBytesRate":0,"taskExecuteTimeMs":30069}
Progress: {"0":"2"}
Lag: {"0":0}
ReasonOfStateChanged:
ErrorLogUrls:
OtherMsg:
User: root
Comment:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

具体显示结果说明如下:

结果列列说明
Id作业 ID。由 Doris 自动生成。
Name作业名称。
CreateTime作业创建时间。
PauseTime最近一次作业暂停时间。
EndTime作业结束时间。
DbName对应数据库名称
TableName对应表名称。多表的情况下由于是动态表,因此不显示具体表名,会显示 multi-table。
IsMultiTbl是是否为多表
State作业运行状态,有 5 种状态:

- NEED_SCHEDULE:作业等待被调度。在 CREATE ROUTINE LOAD 或 RESUME ROUTINE LOAD 后,作业会先进入到 NEED_SCHEDULE 状态;

- RUNNING:作业运行中;

- PAUSED:作业被暂停,可以通过 RESUME ROUTINE LOAD 恢复导入作业;

- STOPPED:作业已结束,无法被重启;

- CANCELLED:作业已取消。

DataSourceType数据源类型:KAFKA。
CurrentTaskNum当前子任务数量。
JobProperties作业配置详情。
DataSourceProperties数据源配置详情。
CustomProperties自定义配置。
Statistic作业运行状态统计信息。
Progress作业运行进度。对于 Kafka 数据源,显示每个分区当前已消费的 offset。如 {"0":"2"} 表示 Kafka 分区 0 的消费进度为 2。
Lag作业延迟状态。对于 Kafka 数据源,显示每个分区的消费延迟。如 {"0":10} 表示 Kafka 分区 0 的消费延迟为 10。
ReasonOfStateChanged作业状态变更的原因
ErrorLogUrls被过滤的质量不合格的数据的查看地址
OtherMsg其他错误信息

导入示例

CSV 格式导入

设置导入最大容错率

  1. 导入数据样例

    1,Benjamin,18
    2,Emily,20
    3,Alexander,22
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test01 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "用户 id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job01 ON routine_test01
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
    COLUMNS(id, name, age)
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "max_filter_ratio"="0.5",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad01",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job01",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test01;
    +------+------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+------------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 |
    +------+------------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

从指定消费点消费数据

  1. 导入数据样例

    1,Benjamin,18
    2,Emily,20
    3,Alexander,22
    4,Sophia,24
    5,William,26
    6,Charlotte,28
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test02 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "用户 id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job02 ON routine_test02
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
    COLUMNS(id, name, age)
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad02",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job",
    "kafka_partitions" = "0",
    "kafka_offsets" = "3"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test02;
    +------+--------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+--------------+------+
    | 4 | Sophia | 24 |
    | 5 | William | 26 |
    | 6 | Charlotte | 28 |
    +------+--------------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

指定 Consumer Group 的 group.id 与 client.id

  1. 导入数据样例

    1,Benjamin,18
    2,Emily,20
    3,Alexander,22
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test03 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "用户 id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job03 ON routine_test03
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
    COLUMNS(id, name, age)
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad01",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job03",
    "property.client.id" = "kafka_client_03",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test03;
    +------+------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+------------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 |
    +------+------------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

设置导入过滤条件

  1. 导入数据样例

    1,Benjamin,18
    2,Emily,20
    3,Alexander,22
    4,Sophia,24
    5,William,26
    6,Charlotte,28
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test04 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "用户 id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job04 ON routine_test04
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
    COLUMNS(id, name, age),
    WHERE id >= 3
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad04",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job04",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test04;
    +------+--------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+--------------+------+
    | 4 | Sophia | 24 |
    | 5 | William | 26 |
    | 6 | Charlotte | 28 |
    +------+--------------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

导入指定分区数据

  1. 导入数据样例

    1,Benjamin,18,2024-02-04 10:00:00
    2,Emily,20,2024-02-05 11:00:00
    3,Alexander,22,2024-02-06 12:00:00
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test05 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    date DATETIME COMMENT "时间"
    )
    PARTITION BY RANGE(date) ()
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(date)
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "replication_num" = "1",
    "dynamic_partition.enable" = "true",
    "dynamic_partition.time_unit" = "DAY",
    "dynamic_partition.start" = "-2",
    "dynamic_partition.end" = "3",
    "dynamic_partition.prefix" = "p",
    "dynamic_partition.buckets" = "1"
    );
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job05 ON routine_test05
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
    COLUMNS(id, name, age,date),
    PARTITION(p20240205)
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad05",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job05",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test05;
    +------+----------+------+---------------------+
    | id | name | age | date |
    +------+----------+------+---------------------+
    | 2 | Emily | 20 | 2024-02-05 11:00:00 |
    +------+----------+------+---------------------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

设置导入时区

  1. 导入数据样例

    1,Benjamin,18,2024-02-04 10:00:00
    2,Emily,20,2024-02-05 11:00:00
    3,Alexander,22,2024-02-06 12:00:00
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test06 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    date DATETIME COMMENT "时间"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(id)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job06 ON routine_test06
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
    COLUMNS(id, name, age,date)
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "strict_mode" = "false",
    "timezone"="Asia/Shanghai"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad06",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job06",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test06;
    +------+-------------+------+---------------------+
    | id | name | age | date |
    +------+-------------+------+---------------------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 | 2024-02-05 10:00:00 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 | 2024-02-05 11:00:00 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 | 2024-02-05 12:00:00 |
    +------+-------------+------+---------------------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

指定 merge_type 进行 delete 操作

  1. 导入数据样例
3,Alexander,22
5,William,26

导入前表中数据如下

mysql> SELECT * FROM routine_test07;
+------+----------------+------+
| id | name | age |
+------+----------------+------+
| 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
| 2 | Emily | 20 |
| 3 | Alexander | 22 |
| 4 | Sophia | 24 |
| 5 | William | 26 |
| 6 | Charlotte | 28 |
+------+----------------+------+
  1. 建表结构
CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test07 (
id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
age INT COMMENT "年纪",
)
DUPLICATE KEY(id)
DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id) BUCKETS 1;
  1. 导入命令
CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job07 ON routine_test07
WITH DELETE
COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
COLUMNS(id, name, age)
PROPERTIES
(
"desired_concurrent_number"="1",
"max_filter_ratio"="0.5",
"strict_mode" = "false"
)
FROM KAFKA
(
"kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
"kafka_topic" = "routineLoad07",
"property.group.id" = "kafka_job07",
"property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
);
  1. 导入结果
mysql> SELECT * FROM routine_test07;
+------+----------------+------+
| id | name | age |
+------+----------------+------+
| 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
| 2 | Emily | 20 |
| 4 | Sophia | 24 |
| 6 | Charlotte | 28 |
+------+----------------+------+

指定 merge_typpe 进行 merge 操作

  1. 导入数据样例
1,xiaoxiaoli,28
2,xiaoxiaowang,30
3,xiaoxiaoliu,32
4,dadali,34
5,dadawang,36
6,dadaliu,38

导入前表中数据如下:

mysql> SELECT * FROM routine_test08;
+------+----------------+------+
| id | name | age |
+------+----------------+------+
| 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
| 2 | Emily | 20 |
| 3 | Alexander | 22 |
| 4 | Sophia | 24 |
| 5 | William | 26 |
| 6 | Charlotte | 28 |
+------+----------------+------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  1. 建表结构
CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test08 (
id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
age INT COMMENT "年纪",
)
DUPLICATE KEY(id)
DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id) BUCKETS 1;
  1. 导入命令
CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job08 ON routine_test08
WITH MERGE
COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
COLUMNS(id, name, age),
DELETE ON id = 2
PROPERTIES
(
"desired_concurrent_number"="1",
"strict_mode" = "false"
)
FROM KAFKA
(
"kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
"kafka_topic" = "routineLoad08",
"property.group.id" = "kafka_job08",
"property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
);
  1. 导入结果
mysql> SELECT * FROM routine_test08;
+------+-------------+------+
| id | name | age |
+------+-------------+------+
| 1 | xiaoxiaoli | 28 |
| 3 | xiaoxiaoliu | 32 |
| 4 | dadali | 34 |
| 5 | dadawang | 36 |
| 6 | dadaliu | 38 |
+------+-------------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

指定导入需要 merge 的 sequence 列

  1. 导入数据样例
1,xiaoxiaoli,28
2,xiaoxiaowang,30
3,xiaoxiaoliu,32
4,dadali,34
5,dadawang,36
6,dadaliu,38

导入前表中数据如下:

mysql> SELECT * FROM routine_test09;
+------+----------------+------+
| id | name | age |
+------+----------------+------+
| 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
| 2 | Emily | 20 |
| 3 | Alexander | 22 |
| 4 | Sophia | 24 |
| 5 | William | 26 |
| 6 | Charlotte | 28 |
+------+----------------+------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  1. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test08 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(id)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id) BUCKETS 1
    PROPERTIES (
    "function_column.sequence_col" = "age"
    );
  2. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job09 ON routine_test09
    WITH MERGE
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
    COLUMNS(id, name, age),
    DELETE ON id = 2,
    ORDER BY age
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad09",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job09",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  3. 导入结果

    mysql> SELECT * FROM routine_test09;
    +------+-------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+-------------+------+
    | 1 | xiaoxiaoli | 28 |
    | 3 | xiaoxiaoliu | 32 |
    | 4 | dadali | 34 |
    | 5 | dadawang | 36 |
    | 6 | dadaliu | 38 |
    +------+-------------+------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

导入完成列影射与衍生列计算

  1. 导入数据样例

    1,Benjamin,18
    2,Emily,20
    3,Alexander,22
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test10 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    num INT COMMENT "数量"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job10 ON routine_test10
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
    COLUMNS(id, name, age, num=age*10)
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "max_filter_ratio"="0.5",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad10",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job10",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> SELECT * FROM routine_test10;
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    | id | name | age | num |
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 | 180 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 | 200 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 | 220 |
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

导入包含包围符的数据

  1. 导入数据样例

    1,"Benjamin",18
    2,"Emily",20
    3,"Alexander",22
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test11 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    num INT COMMENT "数量"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job12 ON routine_test12
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "enclose" = "\""
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad12",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job12",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> SELECT * FROM routine_test12;
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    | id | name | age | num |
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 | 180 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 | 200 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 | 220 |
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

JSON 格式导入

以简单模式导入 JSON 格式数据

  1. 导入数据样例

    { "id" : 1, "name" : "Benjamin", "age":18 }
    { "id" : 2, "name" : "Emily", "age":20 }
    { "id" : 3, "name" : "Alexander", "age":22 }
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test12 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job12 ON routine_test12
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad12",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job12",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test12;
    +------+----------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+----------------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 |
    +------+----------------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

匹配模式导入复杂的 JSON 格式数据

  1. 导入数据样例

    { "name" : "Benjamin", "id" : 1, "num":180 , "age":18 }
    { "name" : "Emily", "id" : 2, "num":200 , "age":20 }
    { "name" : "Alexander", "id" : 3, "num":220 , "age":22 }
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test13 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    num INT COMMENT "数字"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job13 ON routine_test13
    COLUMNS(name, id, num, age)
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false",
    "jsonpaths" = "[\"$.name\",\"$.id\",\"$.num\",\"$.age\"]"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad13",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job13",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test13;
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    | id | name | age | num |
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 | 180 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 | 200 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 | 220 |
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

指定 JSON 根节点导入数据

  1. 导入数据样例

    {"id": 1231, "source" :{ "id" : 1, "name" : "Benjamin", "age":18 }}
    {"id": 1232, "source" :{ "id" : 2, "name" : "Emily", "age":20 }}
    {"id": 1233, "source" :{ "id" : 3, "name" : "Alexander", "age":22 }}
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test14 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job14 ON routine_test14
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false",
    "json_root" = "$.source"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad14",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job14",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test14;
    +------+----------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+----------------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 |
    +------+----------------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

导入完成列影射与衍生列计算

  1. 导入数据样例

    { "id" : 1, "name" : "Benjamin", "age":18 }
    { "id" : 2, "name" : "Emily", "age":20 }
    { "id" : 3, "name" : "Alexander", "age":22 }
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test15 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    num INT COMMENT "数字"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job15 ON routine_test15
    COLUMNS(id, name, age, num=age*10)
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad15",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job15",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test15;
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    | id | name | age | num |
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 | 180 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 | 200 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 | 220 |
    +------+----------------+------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

导入复杂类型

导入 Array 数据类型

  1. 导入数据样例

    { "id" : 1, "name" : "Benjamin", "age":18, "array":[1,2,3,4,5]}
    { "id" : 2, "name" : "Emily", "age":20, "array":[6,7,8,9,10]}
    { "id" : 3, "name" : "Alexander", "age":22, "array":[11,12,13,14,15]}
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test16
    (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    array ARRAY<int(11)> NULL COMMENT "测试数组列"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job16 ON routine_test16
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad16",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job16",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test16;
    +------+----------------+------+----------------------+
    | id | name | age | array |
    +------+----------------+------+----------------------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 | [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 | [6, 7, 8, 9, 10] |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 | [11, 12, 13, 14, 15] |
    +------+----------------+------+----------------------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

导入 Map 数据类型

  1. 导入数据样例

    { "id" : 1, "name" : "Benjamin", "age":18, "map":{"a": 100, "b": 200}}
    { "id" : 2, "name" : "Emily", "age":20, "map":{"c": 300, "d": 400}}
    { "id" : 3, "name" : "Alexander", "age":22, "map":{"e": 500, "f": 600}}
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test17 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    map Map<STRING, INT> NULL COMMENT "测试列"
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job17 ON routine_test17
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad17",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job17",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test17;
    +------+----------------+------+--------------------+
    | id | name | age | map |
    +------+----------------+------+--------------------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 | {"a":100, "b":200} |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 | {"c":300, "d":400} |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 | {"e":500, "f":600} |
    +------+----------------+------+--------------------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

导入 Bitmap 数据类型

  1. 导入数据样例

    { "id" : 1, "name" : "Benjamin", "age":18, "bitmap_id":243}
    { "id" : 2, "name" : "Emily", "age":20, "bitmap_id":28574}
    { "id" : 3, "name" : "Alexander", "age":22, "bitmap_id":8573}
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test18 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    bitmap_id INT COMMENT "测试",
    device_id BITMAP BITMAP_UNION COMMENT "测试列"
    )
    AGGREGATE KEY (`id`,`name`,`age`,`bitmap_id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job18 ON routine_test18
    COLUMNS(id, name, age, bitmap_id, device_id=to_bitmap(bitmap_id))
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad18",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job18",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select id, BITMAP_UNION_COUNT(pv) over(order by id) uv from(
    -> select id, BITMAP_UNION(device_id) as pv
    -> from routine_test18
    -> group by id
    -> ) final;
    +------+------+
    | id | uv |
    +------+------+
    | 1 | 1 |
    | 2 | 2 |
    | 3 | 3 |
    +------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

导入 HLL 数据类型

  1. 导入数据样例

    2022-05-05,10001,测试 01,北京,windows
    2022-05-05,10002,测试 01,北京,linux
    2022-05-05,10003,测试 01,北京,macos
    2022-05-05,10004,测试 01,河北,windows
    2022-05-06,10001,测试 01,上海,windows
    2022-05-06,10002,测试 01,上海,linux
    2022-05-06,10003,测试 01,江苏,macos
    2022-05-06,10004,测试 01,陕西,windows
  2. 建表结构

    create table demo.routine_test19 (
    dt DATE,
    id INT,
    name VARCHAR(10),
    province VARCHAR(10),
    os VARCHAR(10),
    pv hll hll_union
    )
    Aggregate KEY (dt,id,name,province,os)
    distributed by hash(id) buckets 10;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job19 ON routine_test19
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ",",
    COLUMNS(dt, id, name, province, os, pv=hll_hash(id))
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "10.16.10.6:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad19",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job19",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test19;
    +------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+------+
    | dt | id | name | province | os | pv |
    +------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+------+
    | 2022-05-05 | 10001 | 测试 01 | 北京 | windows | NULL |
    | 2022-05-06 | 10001 | 测试 01 | 上海 | windows | NULL |
    | 2022-05-05 | 10002 | 测试 01 | 北京 | linux | NULL |
    | 2022-05-06 | 10002 | 测试 01 | 上海 | linux | NULL |
    | 2022-05-05 | 10004 | 测试 01 | 河北 | windows | NULL |
    | 2022-05-06 | 10004 | 测试 01 | 陕西 | windows | NULL |
    | 2022-05-05 | 10003 | 测试 01 | 北京 | macos | NULL |
    | 2022-05-06 | 10003 | 测试 01 | 江苏 | macos | NULL |
    +------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+------+
    8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

    mysql> SELECT HLL_UNION_AGG(pv) FROM routine_test19;
    +-------------------+
    | hll_union_agg(pv) |
    +-------------------+
    | 4 |
    +-------------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)

Kafka 安全认证

导入 SSL 认证的 Kafka 数据

  1. 导入数据样例

    { "id" : 1, "name" : "Benjamin", "age":18 }
    { "id" : 2, "name" : "Emily", "age":20 }
    { "id" : 3, "name" : "Alexander", "age":22 }
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test20 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job20 ON routine_test20
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "192.168.100.129:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad21",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job21",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING",
    "property.security.protocol" = "ssl",
    "property.ssl.ca.location" = "FILE:ca.pem",
    "property.ssl.certificate.location" = "FILE:client.pem",
    "property.ssl.key.location" = "FILE:client.key",
    "property.ssl.key.password" = "ssl_passwd"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test20;
    +------+----------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+----------------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 |
    +------+----------------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

导入 Kerberos 认证的 Kafka 数据

  1. 导入数据样例

    { "id" : 1, "name" : "Benjamin", "age":18 }
    { "id" : 2, "name" : "Emily", "age":20 }
    { "id" : 3, "name" : "Alexander", "age":22 }
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test21 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job21 ON routine_test21
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "192.168.100.129:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad21",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job21",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING",
    "property.security.protocol" = "SASL_PLAINTEXT",
    "property.sasl.kerberos.service.name" = "kafka",
    "property.sasl.kerberos.keytab" = "/etc/krb5.keytab",
    "property.sasl.kerberos.keytab"="/opt/third/kafka/kerberos/kafka_client.keytab",
    "property.sasl.kerberos.principal" = "clients/stream.dt.local@EXAMPLE.COM"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test21;
    +------+----------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+----------------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 |
    +------+----------------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

导入 PLAIN 认证的 Kafka 集群

  1. 导入数据样例

    { "id" : 1, "name" : "Benjamin", "age":18 }
    { "id" : 2, "name" : "Emily", "age":20 }
    { "id" : 3, "name" : "Alexander", "age":22 }
  2. 建表结构

    CREATE TABLE demo.routine_test22 (
    id INT NOT NULL COMMENT "id",
    name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT "名字",
    age INT COMMENT "年纪",
    )
    DUPLICATE KEY(`id`)
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`id`) BUCKETS 1;
  3. 导入命令

    CREATE ROUTINE LOAD demo.kafka_job22 ON routine_test22
    PROPERTIES
    (
    "desired_concurrent_number"="1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strict_mode" = "false"
    )
    FROM KAFKA
    (
    "kafka_broker_list" = "192.168.100.129:9092",
    "kafka_topic" = "routineLoad22",
    "property.group.id" = "kafka_job22",
    "property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING",
    "property.security.protocol"="SASL_PLAINTEXT",
    "property.sasl.mechanism"="PLAIN",
    "property.sasl.username"="admin",
    "property.sasl.password"="admin"
    );
  4. 导入结果

    mysql> select * from routine_test22;
    +------+----------------+------+
    | id | name | age |
    +------+----------------+------+
    | 1 | Benjamin | 18 |
    | 2 | Emily | 20 |
    | 3 | Alexander | 22 |
    +------+----------------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

一流多表导入

为 example_db 创建一个名为 test1 的 Kafka 例行动态多表导入任务。指定列分隔符和 group.id 和 client.id,并且自动默认消费所有分区,且从有数据的位置(OFFSET_BEGINNING)开始订阅。

这里假设需要将 Kafka 中的数据导入到 example_db 中的 tbl1 以及 tbl2 表中,我们创建了一个名为 test1 的例行导入任务,同时将名为 my_topic 的 Kafka 的 Topic 数据同时导入到 tbl1 和 tbl2 中的数据中,这样就可以通过一个例行导入任务将 Kafka 中的数据导入到两个表中。

CREATE ROUTINE LOAD example_db.test1
PROPERTIES
(
"desired_concurrent_number"="3",
"max_batch_interval" = "20",
"max_batch_rows" = "300000",
"max_batch_size" = "209715200",
"strict_mode" = "false"
)
FROM KAFKA
(
"kafka_broker_list" = "broker1:9092,broker2:9092,broker3:9092",
"kafka_topic" = "my_topic",
"property.group.id" = "xxx",
"property.client.id" = "xxx",
"property.kafka_default_offsets" = "OFFSET_BEGINNING"
);

这个时候需要 Kafka 中的数据包含表名的信息。目前仅支持从 Kafka 的 Value 中获取动态表名,且需要符合这种格式:以 json 为例:table_name|{"col1": "val1", "col2": "val2"}, 其中 tbl_name 为表名,以 | 作为表名和表数据的分隔符。csv 格式的数据也是类似的,如:table_name|val1,val2,val3。注意,这里的 table_name 必须和 Doris 中的表名一致,否则会导致导入失败。注意,动态表不支持后面介绍的 column_mapping 配置。

严格模式导入

为 example_db 的 example_tbl 创建一个名为 test1 的 Kafka 例行导入任务。导入任务为严格模式。

CREATE ROUTINE LOAD example_db.test1 ON example_tbl
COLUMNS(k1, k2, k3, v1, v2, v3 = k1 * 100),
PRECEDING FILTER k1 = 1,
WHERE k1 < 100 and k2 like "%doris%"
PROPERTIES
(
"desired_concurrent_number"="3",
"max_batch_interval" = "20",
"max_batch_rows" = "300000",
"max_batch_size" = "209715200",
"strict_mode" = "true"
)
FROM KAFKA
(
"kafka_broker_list" = "broker1:9092,broker2:9092,broker3:9092",
"kafka_topic" = "my_topic",
"kafka_partitions" = "0,1,2,3",
"kafka_offsets" = "101,0,0,200"
);

更多帮助

参考 SQL 手册 Routine Load。也可以在客户端命令行下输入 HELP ROUTINE LOAD 获取更多帮助信息。